Inclusion Criteria:
1. Patients with histologically proven intracranial glioblastoma (GBM) will be eligible
for this protocol. Patients will be eligible if the original histology was low-grade
glioma and a subsequent histological diagnosis of a glioblastoma is made. a) Central
pathology review is required for study entry. Either H & E stained slides from
diagnosis or more recent tumor sampling OR unstained tumor sections must be
submitted and reviewed by the study neuropathologist. b) A paraffin-embedded tumor
block (preferred) or 15 unstained tumor section slides are required to be submitted
at the time of registration.
2. All patients must sign an informed consent indicating that they are aware of the
investigational nature of this study. Patients must have signed an authorization for
the release of their protected health information. Patients must be registered in
the MD Anderson Cancer Center Office of Multicenter Clinical Research (OMCR)
database prior to treatment with study drug.
3. Patients must be >/= 18 years old.
4. Patients must have a Karnofsky performance status of >/= 70. 5. At the time of registration: Patients must have recovered from the toxic effects of
prior therapy: >/= 28 days from any investigational agent, >/= 28 days from prior
cytotoxic therapy (>/= 7 days from prior daily administered [i.e. metronomic]
cytotoxic agents) , >/= 14 days from vincristine, >/= 42 days from nitrosoureas, >/=
21 days from procarbazine administration, and >/= 7 days for non-cytotoxic agents,
e.g., interferon, tamoxifen, thalidomide, cis-retinoic acid, etc. (radiosensitizer
does not count). Any questions related to the definition of non-cytotoxic agents
should be directed to the Study Chair.
6. Patients must have adequate bone marrow function (ANC >/= 1,000/mm3, platelet count
of >/= 100,000/mm3, and hemoglobin >/= 10 gm/dl), adequate liver function (SGOT <
2.5 times ULN and bilirubin < 2 times ULN), and adequate renal function (creatinine
< 1.5 times ULN) before starting therapy. These tests must be performed within 14
days prior to treatment start date. Eligibility level for hemoglobin may be reached
by transfusion.
7. Patients must have shown unequivocal radiographic evidence for tumor progression by
MRI or CT scan. A scan should be performed within 14 days prior to treatment start
date and on a steroid dose that has been stable or decreasing for at least 5 days.
If the steroid dose is increased between the date of imaging and registration a new
baseline MR/CT is required. The same type of scan, i.e., MRI or CT must be used
throughout the period of protocol treatment for tumor measurement.
8. Patients having undergone recent resection of recurrent or progressive tumor will be
eligible as long as all of the following conditions apply: a). They have recovered
from the effects of surgery and are at least four weeks from craniotomy or at least
1 week from stereotactic biopsy. b). Residual disease following resection of
recurrent GBM is not mandated for eligibility into the study. To best assess the
extent of residual disease post-operatively, a CT/ MRI should be done no later than
96 hours in the immediate post-operative period or at least 4 weeks
post-operatively, within 14 days prior to treatment start date. If the 96-hour scan
is more than 14 days before registration, the scan needs to be repeated. If the
steroid dose is increased between the date of imaging and registration, a new
baseline MRI/CT is required on a stable steroid dosage for at least 5 days.
9. Patients must have failed prior radiation therapy and must have an interval of
greater than or equal to 12 weeks from the completion of radiation therapy to study
entry unless there is a new area of enhancement consistent with recurrent tumor
outside of the radiation field, or there is histopathologic confirmation of
recurrent tumor.
10. Patients with prior therapy that included interstitial brachytherapy or stereotactic
radiosurgery must have confirmation of true progressive disease rather than
radiation necrosis based upon either PET or Thallium scanning, MR spectroscopy or
surgical/pathological documentation of disease.
11. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative B-HCG pregnancy test documented
within 14 days prior to treatment start date.
12. Prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) within normal limits and
partial thromboplastin time (PTT) below upper limit of normal.
13. No evidence of hemorrhage on the baseline MRI or CT scan other than those that are
stable grade 1.
14. Patients must be at first or second relapse. Relapse is defined as progression
following initial therapy (i.e. radiation+/- chemo if that was used as initial
therapy). The intent therefore is that patients have no more than 2 prior therapies
(initial and treatment for 1 relapse). If the patient had a surgical resection for
relapsed disease and no anti-cancer therapy was instituted for up to 12 weeks, and
the patient undergoes another surgical resection, this is considered as 1 relapse.
For patients who had prior therapy for a low-grade glioma, the surgical diagnosis of
a high-grade glioma will be considered the first relapse.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Current concomitant chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy other than as
specified in the protocol.
2. History of coagulation disorder associated with bleeding or thrombotic events.
3. Any significant concurrent disease, illness, or psychiatric disorder that would
compromise patient safety or compliance, interfere with consent, study
participation, follow up, or interpretation of study results, including legal
incapacity or limited legal capacity.
4. Co-medication that may interfere with study results; e.g. immuno-suppressive agents
other than corticosteroids. 5. Active infection requiring intravenous antibiotics. 6. Requires anticoagulation therapy with vitamin K antagonists, heparin, or thrombin or
factor X inhibitors. (Low molecular weight heparin is allowed)
7. Have had a diagnosis of another malignancy, unless the patient has been disease-free
for at least 12 months following the completion of curative intent therapy, with the
following exceptions: a). Patients with treated non-melanoma skin cancer, in situ
carcinoma, or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, regardless of the disease-free
duration, are eligible for this study if definitive treatment for the condition has
been completed. b). Patients with organ-confined prostate cancer with no evidence of
recurrent or progressive disease based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values are
also eligible for this study if hormonal therapy has been initiated or a radical
prostatectomy has been performed.
8. Inability to comply with study and/or follow-up procedures;
9. Current or planned participation in an experimental therapeutic drug study;
10. Severe hepatic insufficiency (ongoing grade 3 or greater hepatic adverse events) or
known active chronic hepatitis. 11. Prior treatment with cilengitide, bevacizumab or other VEGF/VEGFR-targeting therapy.
12. Inadequately controlled hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure >150 and/or
diastolic blood pressure > 100 mmHg on antihypertensive medications)
13. Any prior history of hypertensive crisis or hypertensive encephalopathy. 14. New York Heart Association (NYHA) Grade II or greater congestive heart failure. 15. History of myocardial infarction or unstable angina within 6 months prior to study
enrollment. 16. History of stroke or transient ischemic attack within 6 months prior to study
enrollment. 17. Significant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection)
18. Symptomatic peripheral vascular disease. 19. Evidence of bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy. 20. Major surgical procedure, open biopsy, or significant traumatic injury within 28
days prior to study enrollment or anticipation of need for major surgical procedure
during the course of the study. 21. Core biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular
access device, within 7 days prior to study enrollment. 22. History of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation, intra-abdominal abscess
or endoscopically-proven ulcer (esophageal, gastric or duodenal) within 6 months
prior to study enrollment. 23. Serious, non-healing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture. 24. Proteinuria at screening as demonstrated by either: a). Urine protein:creatinine
(UPC) ratio >/= 1.0 at screening OR b). Urine dipstick for proteinuria >/= 2+
(patients discovered to have >/= 2+ proteinuria on dipstick urinalysis at baseline
should undergo a 24 hour urine collection and must demonstrate
